How to Read the Basics of a Nutrition Label

Reading a nutrition facts label is vital to eating healthier, but it can be confusing. Learn what the sections and numbers mean on a label.

Have you ever looked at the nutrition facts label on a food you are buying (or eating) and wonder what it all means? What are the most important things to look at? What are good and bad numbers for it all?

The nutrition facts label is the boxed label that is found on the side or back of most packaged food or drinks. It has details on the nutrient content of the product and can be used to determine which food is better for you and your family, and what you should limit.

*Please note, I am not a healthcare provider, but just summarizing the information on each of these items from research around the web and personal experience*

Basic Information

Serving Size

The first thing to look at on any nutrition label is the serving size. This number tells you the suggested amount for one serving but also is the basis for the entire label. All of the measurements on the label are appropriate measurements for one serving. For example, in this label, the serving size is 1 cup. If you only eat half of a cup, then all of your nutrition information is cut in half.

You want to pay close attention to the serving size as well, and make sure to measure your food out, because most serving sizes are smaller than what Americans tend to eat. 1 cup may sound like a lot, but if you measure the food on your plate, you usually will grab more than the suggestion.

If you are comparing two foods for their nutritional information, make sure you are comparing with the same serving size. If they are different, then you need to calculate the numbers to be able to compare the two.

The second number, the servings per container, tells you how much is in a box. So in this example, a serving size of 1 cup with two servings in the package means there are two total cups in the box.

Daily Value %

The daily value percentages are always based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Not everyone needs 2,000 calories per day. Some need more, and others need less. In general, something that has 5% or less is considered to be low, while an amount of 20% or more is regarded as a high amount. You want to stay at about 100% of each item in a day.

The daily value makes it quick and easy to compare one food to another as long as the serving size is similar. If you are trying to limit your sodium, and product A has 20%, and product B has 10%, but they both have the same serving size, then product B is the better option for you.

Nutrients on the Nutrition Label

Nutrients to Limit

Fat, cholesterol, and sodium are the primary three nutrients that you should try to limit in your foods. Americans tend to overeat these foods, and it may increase your risk of certain chronic diseases, like heart disease, some cancers, or high blood pressure.

Ok, scare tactic out of the way, let’s look at each individually. When you look at the fat content, you want to focus on the separate numbers because they all do something slightly different. The healthier foods tend to contain little or no saturated fats or trans fats. Adults should consume less than 10% of their daily calories from these fats.

Cholesterol is known to lead to heart problems, so should be consumed in moderation. Looking at the number of milligrams, a heart-healthy adult should have less than 300 per day, and those with heart disease or other cardiac issues should aim for 200 or less.

Sodium should also be taken in moderation. It’s so easy to overdo the salt and sodium because it’s in so many things that we often don’t even think about. You should aim for 2,300 milligrams or less per day. Your body needs some sodium in it, but not in the amounts that we tend to take in.

The Good Nutrients

Those nutrients in blue, the dietary fiber and all the vitamins below the thick black line, are the nutrients that you want to get as much of as possible.

“Eating enough of these nutrients can improve your health and help reduce the risk of some diseases and conditions. For example, getting enough calcium may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, a condition that results in brittle bones as one ages. Eating a diet high in dietary fiber promotes healthy bowel function. Additionally, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grain products that contain dietary fiber, particularly soluble fiber, and low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease.”

Protein

If you notice, the protein doesn’t have a daily value percentage applied to it. So often, people are concerned about getting enough protein, especially when they hear about someone who eats a vegetarian or vegan diet. But so many foods have protein in them besides just meat.

Protein: “A %DV is required to be listed if a claim is made for protein, such as ‘high in protein’. Otherwise, unless the food is meant for use by infants and children under 4 years old, none is needed. Current scientific evidence indicates that protein intake is not a public health concern for adults and children over 4 years of age.”

Nutrition Label Changes

Updates

In 2016, the requirements for a nutrition facts label were updated. Some of the packages you find now should have the newer label, and all manufacturers are required to start using them by July 26, 2018. Most of the information is still the same; it’s just presented in a slightly different way. My favorite update is the addition of the “added sugar” row. I try to limit our added sugars as much as possible, but I am ok with natural sugars. You would have a hard time finding anything in my house with high-fructose corn syrup in it! The serving size and servings per container are in a more substantial and bolder print since that often gets overlooked. Vitamins A and C will not be required since deficiencies in those are rare now, but Vitamin D and Potassium will be mandatory.

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